Depolymerization using sonochemical reactors: A critical review

Different Characteristics of Bubbles in Different Types of Sonochemical Reactors

Computer simulations of bubble oscillations in water have revealed that characteristics of bubbles depend on types of sonochemical reactors. When the acoustic amplitude is large at 20 kHz, the bubble content when a bubble collapses is mostly water vapor and the temperature inside a bubble at the collapse is relatively low. On the other hand, when the acoustic amplitude is relatively low, the bu...

Intensification of hydroxyl radical production in sonochemical reactors.

The efficacy of sonochemical reactors in chemical processing applications has been well established in the laboratory scale of operation though at a given set of operating parameters and no efforts have been directed in terms of maximizing the free radical production. In the present work, the effect of different operating parameters viz. pH, power dissipation into the system, effect of additive...

Catalytic Reactors: A Review

Simulation of the spatial distribution of the acoustic pressure in sonochemical reactors with numerical methods: a review.

Numerical methods for the calculation of the acoustic field inside sonoreactors have rapidly emerged in the last 15 years. This paper summarizes some of the most important works on this topic presented in the past, along with the diverse numerical works that have been published since then, reviewing the state of the art from a qualitative point of view. In this sense, we illustrate and discuss ...

Rationing in health systems: A critical review

Background: It is difficult to provide health care services to all those in need of such services due to limited resources and unlimited demands. Thus, priority setting and rationing have to be applied. This study aimed at critically examining the concept of rationing in health sector and identifying its purposes, influencing factors, mechanisms, and outcomes.     Methods: The c...